A Basic Vocabulary of Vabungula

Vabungula

A Basic Vocabulary of Vabungula

Here is a basic vocabulary of Vabungula. Words are grouped according to various categories. The categories are very loosely defined. In many cases the same word will appear in more than one category. In other cases words not strictly fitting the stated category will appear only because they have a relation to a word in the category.

Within each category, the vocabulary entries are read as follows:

The first item is the Vabungula word.

The second item is a number indicating which syllable receives the stress. For instance, agula 2 means that the stress is on the second syllable.

The third item indicates part of speech. Only nouns, verbs, adjectives/adverbs are considered. All others are designated as "x", meaning "other". Verbs are further classified as transitive (vt), intransitive (vi), auxiliary verbs (vv), or any combination of the three.

The fourth and following items represent the English translation(s).

Some / Any / None / Every

alagê, 1, n, some, something
malagê, 1, n, any, anything
ssalagê, 1, n, everything
fwilagê, 2, n, nothing

alasum, 1, n, someone, somebody
malasum, 1, n, anyone, anybody
ssalasum, 1, n, everyone, everybody
fwilasum, 1, n, no one, nobody

alalam, 1, x, somewhere
malalam, 1, x, anywhere
ssalam, 1, x, everywhere
fwilam, 2, x, nowhere

alalar, 1, x, sometime
malalar, 1, x, anytime
ssalar, 1, x, always, all the time
fwilar, 2, x, never

alanudzz, 1, x, somehow
malanudzz, 1, x, anyhow
ssalanudzz, 1, x, in every way, by every means
fwilanudzz, 1, x, no way

ssalg, 1, x, every

Interrogatives and Related Vocabulary

kam, 1, x, what?
okam, 2, x, which, that, what
kamo, 1, n, thing (tangible)
ekamo, 1, n, thing (intangible)
tu, 1, x, this
tê, 1, x, that
karela, 2, a, other, another

sokam, 2, x, who?
osokam, 3, x, who
sum, 1, n, person, human being

fûmna, 1, x, when?
ofûmna, 2, x, when
lar, 1, n, time
malafûman, 1, x, whenever, no matter when
larla, 1, x, while, during
larlaco, 2, x, during, as long as
têlar, 1, x, then
fûn, 1, x, now
prafûm, 1, x, as soon as
pratêk, 1, a, immediately, right away
kalar, 2, a, later
lafirlêm, 2, a, soon

lam, 1, x, where?
olam, 1, x, where
solam, 2, n, place
galamê, 2, vi, be located (in, at), be found at
pla, 1, x, here
lag, 1, x, there
laf, 1, a, near
lal, 1, x, next to, by

kanudzz, 2, x, how?
okanudzz, 3, x, how
inudzz, 2, n, means, way
onudzz, 2, x, by, by means of, with
tukanudzz, 3, x, this is how...
zenudzz, 2, x, in the same manner, likewise

kame, 2, x, what then? (what do you say to this?)
okame, 3, x, what (to say to this)

kamzo, 1, x, how many?
okamzo, 2, x, how many
zo, 1, n, number

kamu, 2, x, why?
okamu, 3, x, why
sokamu, 3, n, reason
tukamu, 3, x, this is the reason why...
tudzz, 1, x, therefore, so
fidaku, 3, x, reason for not being able to
fimaku, 3, x, reason it shouldn't be done

kameke, 2, x, how? in what condition?
okameke, 3, x, how, in what condition
punal, 2, n, condition

kanot, 2, x, what kind of?
okanot, 3, x, what kind of
kenot, 1, n, kind, order
tukanot, 3, x, this kind of

kamja, 1, x, how much?
okamja, 2, x, how much

kalara, 2, x, how long? (time)
okalara, 3, x, how long (time)
jala, 1, a, long (time)
sikala, 1, a, short (time)

kajasi, 2, x, how big?
okajasi, 3, x, how big
jasinal, 3, n, size

Prepositions

la, 1, x, to, towards; at
su, 1, x, of; from
onudzz, 2, x, by means of, by, with
fla, 1, x, in
va, 1, x, on
ci, 1, x, between
lal, 1, x, next to, by, beside
pro, 1, x, for; to
le, 1, x, with
plê, 1, x, in the presence of
fre, 1, x, through
olka, 1, x, around
da, 1, x, about, concerning
vo, 1, x, in front of, before
ta, 1, x, behind
dotnêl, 1, x, above
natnêl, 1, x, below, under
azu, 1, x, out of (e.g. "made out of")
uma, 1, x, before
kira, 1, x, after
gro, 1, x, out
flale, 1, x, among
manau, 2, x, back (i.e., return)
ezzau, 2, back and forth
vajga, 1, x, past, by (motion)
vaj, 1, x, along, across
zal, 1, x, into (e.g., "change into")
mone, 1, x, against, in opposition to
proda, 1, x, on behalf of

Conjuctions, etc.

i, 1, x, and
is, 1, x, but
il, 1, x, or
kral, 1, x, but (German: "sondern")
zzi, 1, x, because
buna, 1, x, if
obuna, 2, x, whether
ketudzz, 2, x, then (used after "if")
tudzze, 1, x, that (i.e., as a result ...)
tudzz, 1, x, therefore, so
têdzza, 1, x, then and only then

"It is..."

fidona, 2, x, it's too bad, it's a pity
nila, 1, x, it's time
karalana, 3, x, it's true
fuiu, 2, x, it's false

Word Pairs

lebu, 1, x, "the more ..."
ketu, 1, x, "... the ..."

kefûn, 1, x, "as long as..."
mefa, 1, x, "...might as well"

giflê, 1, x, "even though..."
ges, 1, x, "...(and yet) still..."

ke, 1, x, so (much, etc.)...
tudzze, 1, x, "...that (as a result)..."

Miscellaneous Adverbs and Function Words

enafe, 2, a, on purpose, intentionally
fieze, 2, a, accidentally
ilu, 1, x, lest
gi, 1, x, even
ne, 1, x, than, in comparison with
ssaze, 1, x, each other
ske, 1, x, self, oneself
skeke, 1, a, personally
stê, 1, x, since (the time of)
acel, 2, x, about, approximately
ju, 1, x, according to
ikir, 2, x, again
lafirlêm, 2, a, soon
pratêk, 1, a, immediately
sulapak, 3, a, finally, at last
fine, 2, x, anyway, in spite of it
flêm, 1, x, although
mefa, 1, x, might as well
mol, 1, a, opposite
las, 1, x, almost
ojale, 1, x, together
gelaga, 2, x, beyond, past
laolka, 2, x, around there, around it
lagro, 1, x, outside
lafla, 1, x, inside
aga, 2, x, away, ago
gnu, 1, x, until
lagnu, 1, x, in (a period of time), by (the time of)
kerf, 1, x, for example, such as
gjol, 1, x, for once (finally)
lefrane, 2, x, without fail, by all means, absolutely
gel, 1, x, still, yet (positive)
gêl, 1, x, still, not yet
oko, 1, x, only, merely, just
okoke, 1, a, alone
keoko, 2, a, only, the only

Quantities

mna, 1, x, all
mnadono, 2, x, both
jasi, 1, x, a few, several
sikilsa, 2, x, few, little
jansa, 1, x, many, much
gafwi, 2, x, none
dolapak, 1, a, enough

Degrees of Intensity

lese, 1, x, very
lesi, 1, x, slightly
lesu, 1, x, too (much)

Is / Exist

jê, 1, vi, be (equate to)
jêla, 1, vi, be, exist
galasê, 1, vi, there is, there are
galamê, 2, vi, be located
gafwi, 2, a, none

Can / May / Want

mazz, 1, vv, let's...
kêm, 1, vv, may (it be so)
krêm, 1, vv, may (be permitted)
dal, 1, vv, can, be able to
mfa, 1, vv, should
frana, 1, vv, must, have to
enad, 2, vvt, want, want to
kenad, 2, vti, wish
skenad, 2, vvt, feel like ...ing
enu, 1, vvi, be willing to
mala, 1, vv, (past tense)
mulu, 1, vv, (future tense)
buda, 1, vv, might (possibly)

Yes / No / Maybe

kra, 1, x, yes
krale, 1, x, of course, certainly, naturally
kraf, 1, x, maybe, perhaps
akral, 2, x, probably
framaf, 1, vvi, must, must be, most probably is
legas, 1, x, shall it be this way? do you mean...?
legaske, 2, x, really ...? (stronger than legas)
leobuni, 3, x, is it not so that...
fwi, 1, x, no
fwil, 1, x, not
dabuna, 2, x, (introduces a question)

Time and Place

fûn, 1, a, now
têlar, 1, a, then
pratêk, 1, a, immediately, right away
kalar, 2, a, later
pla, 1, x, here
lag, 1, x, there
sialam, 2, a, here and there, in places
sialar, 2, a, now and then, occasionally
jasilar, 1, a, for a while
jasilam, 1, a, for a short distance
jasi, 1, x, a few, several
jasikir, 1, x, a while later
olar, 1, x, once

Greetings, Polite Expressions

tara, 2, x, thank you
oklêd, 1, x, please
glam, 1, x, hello
glamis, 2, x, good morning
glamhami, 2, x, good evening
glamhalar, 2, x, good night
glamkimo, 2, x, good afternoon
erano, 2, x, good bye
kêmdoim, 2, x, good luck
kajlê, 1, x, welcome
onapê, 2, x, excuse me
lenapê, 2, x, I'm sorry

Directions

dot, 1, a, up
nat, 1, a, down
go, 1, a, right
gotên, 1, a, to the right
sû, 1, a, left
sûtên, 1, a, to the left
vo, 1, x, in front, before
votên, 1, a, forwards
ta, 1, x, behind
tatên, 1, a, backwards
vol, 1, x, forth
volag, 1, x, a short distance in front of
pla, 1, a, here
lag, 1, a, there
lomêla, 2, a, south
upoja, 2, a, north
misahado, 3, a, east
hamihado, 3, a, west

Colors

kaema, 2, n, color
arela, 2, a, red
dihea, 2, a, yellow
muhi, 1, a, blue
rece, 1, a, green
avên, 1, a, brown
mihav, 1, a, gray
misado, 2, a, white
haljana, 2, a, black
aremu, 2, a, purple

Divisions of Time

larêm, 1, n, day
halarêm, 1, n, night
momelarêm, 1, n, morning
umolarêm, 2, n, forenoon
kimolarêm, 1, n, afternoon
hamilarêm, 1, n, evening
tularêm, 1, x, today
kiralarêm, 1, x, tomorrow
umalarêm, 1, x, yesterday
alara, 2, n, year
hodelar, 2, n, moon
slorêmlar, 2, n, week
alarûn, 3, n, season
icelar, 2, n, spring
kaclar, 1, n, summer
agalar, 1, n, autumn, fall
ulolar, 1, n, winter
tonûnlar, 2, n, hour
donûnlar, 2, n, minute
onûnlar, 2, n, second
Bêluloho, 3, n, January
Anuloho, 3, n, February
Sêniceho, 3, n, March
Bêliceho, 3, n, April
Aniceho, 3, n, May
Sênkaco, 1, n, June
Bêlkaco, 1, n, July
Ankaco, 1, n, August
Sênagaho, 3, n, September
Bêlagaho, 3, n, October
Anagaho, 3, n, November
Sênuloho, 3, n, December
Lolarêm, 2, n, Sunday
Kolarêm, 1, n, Monday
Kaplarêm, 1, n, Tuesday
Daklarêm, 2, n, Wednesday
Bolarêm, 1, n, Thursday
Êsilarêm, 2, n, Friday
Ularêm, 1, n, Saturday

Weather and the Heavens

mihado, 2, n, sun
hodela, 2, n, moon
muhuli, 2, n, sky
mihuli, 2, n, cloud
muhasil, 2, n, star
musakel, 3, n, weather
muhumen, 2, n, storm, rainstorm, thunderstorm
fûmuha, 2, n, lightning
mujage, 2, n, thunder
fumasomen, 3, n, tornado
murap, 1, n, rain
miulorap, 2, n, snow
mislarap, 2, n, dew
mislaurap, 3, n, frost
kaulorap, 2, n, ice
mikrapfu, 2, n, fog
fu, 1, n, air
fumas, 1, n, wind
mêfumas, 1, n, breeze
fufige, 1, n, still air (opposite of wind)
dwagezzu, 2, n, earthquake
murikae, 3, n, rainbow
muhadwa, 2, n, planet
Tyvi, 1, n, Mercury
Lymys, 1, n, Venus
Kea, 1, n, Mars
Vedo, 1, n, Jupiter
Tesa, 1, n, Saturn
Muzaf, 1, n, Uranus
Tuhas, 1, n, Neptune

Personal Pronouns

so, 1, n, I
ka, 1, n, you
de, 1, n, he, she, it
sol, 1, n, we
kal, 1, n, you (plural)
del, 1, n, they

Parts of the Body

sumon, 2, n, body
pe, 1, n, part of the body
nimoka, 2, n, head
sufram, 1, n, hair
meku, 1, n, face
alpe, 1, n, eye
ssope, 1, n, nose
agepe, 2, n, ear
palbê, 1, n, cheek
natapên, 2, n, chin
pêntês, 1, n, mouth
pênzûmûn, 2, n, lip
pênsufra, 2, n, mustache
mesufra, 2, n, beard (in general)
jalfên, 1, n, eyebrow
alfra, 1, n, eyelash
mazaka, 2, n, leg
mazela, 2, n, foot
armak, 1, n, arm
armon, 2, n, hand
gidê, 1, n, finger
nodê, 1, n, toe
mokûnû, 2, n, neck
pêmup, 1, n, tongue
vope, 1, n, chest
tape, 1, n, back
fripe, 1, n, abdomen
frinok, 1, n, hip
mazanok, 2, n, knee
armanok, 2, n, elbow
pênleg, 1, n, tooth
suleg, 1, n, bone
sumofja, 2, n, skin
sumirap, 1, n, blood
surape, 2, n, heart
islûpe, 2, n, lung

The Five Senses

alega, 2, vti, see
agele, 2, vti, hear
ssork, 1, vt, smell
mêno, 1, vt, feel
karsso, 1, vti, taste
fidaleke, 3, a, blind
fidageke, 3, a, deaf
fidamênoke, 3, a, numb
fimaske, 2, a, lame

People and Family Relationships

sum, 1, n, person, human being
gasum, 1, n, man
posum, 1, n, woman
gasumic, 1, n, boy
posumic, 1, n, girl
onsu, 1, n, father
ponsum, 1, n, mother
donsum, 1, n, son
doponsum, 1, n, daughter
gakesum, 1, n, brother
pokesum, 1, n, sister
suzumi, 2, n, family
suzi (ne), 1, vi, related (to)
diruz, 2, n, parent
sumic, 1, n, child
gadokesum, 2, n, (male) cousin
podokesum, 2, n, (female) cousin
gadonsu, 2, n, uncle
podonsum, 2, n, aunt
agonsu, 2, n, grandfather
agaponsu, 1, n, grandmother
galesum, 1, n, husband
polesum, 1, n, wife
gapojad, 1, vi, be married
gagapkesum, 2, n, brother-in-law
pogapkesum, 2, n, sister-in-law
agasuzi, 3, n, ancestor
agasuzinidzz, 3, n, genealogy

Animals

masu, 1, n, dog
nyvalu, 2, n, cat
sekano, 2, n, squirrel
zafên, 1, n, rabbit
samela, 2, n, mouse
zemas, 1, n, fox
namas, 1, n, wolf
vedel, 1, n, frog
komanos, 2, n, bird
gize, 1, n, hawk
hagekos, 2, n, crow
sênokos, 2, n, blackbird
bês, 1, n, sparrow
pevok, 1, n, chicken
janor, 1, n, cow
kanto, 1, n, pig
nosami, 2, n, sheep
zinu, 1, n, horse
zivam, 1, n, donkey
rapyn, 1, n, fish
azae, 2, n, lion
tuwadzze, 2, n, elephant
gevu, 1, n, tiger
hemasa, 1, n, camel
jafilo, 1, n, snake
filo, 1, n, worm
sinos, 1, n, insect
ko, 1, n, fly
inido, 2, n, mosquito
kona, 1, n, bee
rikabla, 2, n, butterfly
hamasi, 1, n, ant
nalok, 1, n, cricket
nêlko, 1, n, grasshopper
janêlko, 2, n, locust
navûk, 1, n, tick
horota, 2, n, spider

Plants

recemisa, 2, n, plant, plant life, flora
sekara, 2, n, tree
sekarlam, 2, n, forest, woods
sekarlûn, 2, n, grove of trees
sikar, 1, n, bush
sikarlam, 2, n, group of bushes
di, 1, n, flower
mudi, 1, n, violet
lela, 1, n, rose
vwenu, 1, n, tulip
dehedi, 2, n, dandelion
fram, 1, n, grass
bluga, 1, n, leaf
revada, 2, n, root
sekûp, 2, n, stick, tree branch
jasekûp, 2, n, tree trunk
sinosekûn, 1, n, tree stump
mikrêman, 2, vti, grow
mikrêlo, 2, vi, blossom, bloom
ridice, 1, n, fern
nazûkna, 2, n, nettle
venaza, 2, n, thistle
tobluna, 2, n, poison ivy
mosi, 1, n, clover
monu, 1, n, apple tree
monucep, 1, n, apple
kasêr, 1, n, elm tree
fleta, 1, n, willow tree
vusi, 1, n, maple tree
saro, 1, n, oak tree
butoj, 2, n, plum tree
butojacep, 2, n, plum
sêno, 1, n, pine tree
krûmblu, 1, n, poplar tree
kavess, 1, n, palm tree
cepi, 1, n, fruit
luva, 1, n, strawberry
mare, 1, n, grape
heaman, 2, n, banana
vesso, 1, n, pineapple
cehe, 1, n, lemon
feno, 1, n, orange
arepu, 2, n, tomato
cedu, 1, n, vegetable
mireva, 2, n, potato
recub, 1, n, cucumber
sêlûme, 2, n, lettuce
dzzopa, 1, n, cabbage
kêlêm, 1, n, carrot
deloj, 2, n, garlic
aloj, 2, n, onion
novane, 2, n, bean
bezo, 1, n, radish
kiro, 1, n, pea
grino, 1, n, corn plant
grinocep, 1, n, corn
grinomike, 2, n, cornfield
fante, 1, n, oat
ssesa, 1, n, wheat

Food and Drink

karas, 1, n, food
kerap, 1, n, drink, beverage
karal, 2, vti, eat
karap, 2, vti, drink
cepi, 1, n, fruit
cedu, 1, n, vegetable
nodwa, 1, n, meat
misseska, 2, n, bread
hamisseska, 1, n, toast
fanûham, 1, n, cracker
hamolki, 2, n, cookie
missenok, 2, n, roll, bun
maha, 1, n, tea
rap, 1, n, water
havara, 2, n, coffee
ssezurap, 1, n, beer
amarap, 2, n, wine
dokirap, 1, n, soda pop
monarap, 2, n, vinegar
misarap, 1, n, milk
nava, 1, n, chocolate
vymeva, 2, n, tobacco
sivym, 1, n, cigarette
javym, 1, n, cigar
islûnamu, 2, vti, smoke
feno, 1, n, orange
vesso, 1, n, pineapple
monucep, 1, n, apple
butojacep, 2, n, plum
kiro, 1, n, pea
grinocep, 1, n, corn
mireva, 2, n, potato
kêlêm, 1, n, carrot
dzzopa, 1, n, cabbage
sêlûme, 2, n, lettuce
mare, 1, n, grape
aloj, 2, n, onion
deloj, 2, n, garlic
elvo, 1, n, salt
cûf, 1, n, pepper
karimi, 2, n, sugar
miramin, 1, n, cheese
ukarap, 1, n, ice cream
komol, 1, n, egg
kolira, 2, n, honey
karikes, 1, n, candy

House, Furniture, Rooms

sukalam, 2, n, house
bênslor, 1, n, room
dwamava, 2, n, floor
ûndoka, 2, n, wall
fjabêndo, 2, n, ceiling
fjaka, 1, n, roof
aldozûm, 2, n, window
logakam, 2, n, door
jasamok, 2, n, closet
bênafak, 2, n, furniture
mêtakamo, 2, n, chair
dzzulakamo, 2, n, table
famidokam, 3, n, bed
sufjabênak, 3, n, dresser
dwanalam, 1, n, restroom, toilet, WC
dirafabên, 3, n, office
bolabên, 1, n, bathroom
hamêsbên, 1, n, kitchen
mêtabên, 2, n, living room
madotaka, 3, n, stairs
kagace, 1, n, road, street
makagac, 2, n, sidewalk
skemalam, 2, n, garage

Land and Water

kakleg, 1, n, rock, stone
dwado, 1, n, earth, soil, ground
dwakrap, 2, n, mud
dwafûm, 1, n, dust
rapeta, 2, n, river, creek
rapolam, 1, n, lake
jaralam, 2, n, ocean, sea
rapezûm, 2, n, pond
loralam, 2, n, spring
janara, 2, n, flood
neago, 2, n, hill
janea, 2, n, mountain
botaga, 2, n, valley
peta, 1, n, ditch
togo, 1, n, bank, slope
jakrûdwa, 2, n, field
framdwa, 1, n, meadow
jakrûzûm, 2, n, sink-hole
jazûm, 1, n, cave
neagotor, 2, n, hillside
tornate, 2, a, sloping downwards
tordote, 2, a, sloping upwards

Common Verbs

masa, 1, vi, go, walk, come, travel
mafu, 1, vi, run
fwa, 1, vi, stop
dal, 1, vvi, can, be able, be possible
imagasê, 2, vi, happen
nigo, 1, vti, know
nifa, 1, vi, think
nimûd, 2, vti, believe, think
aluga, 2, vt, know, be familiar with
ninudzza, 2, vvti, know how to
njal, 1, vt, notice
alêgen, 3, vt, recognize
ninjal, 2, vti, realize, come to the realization
geni, 1, vti, remember
nigele, 2, vt, memorize
fûfwini, 2, vti, forget
cabuda, 2, vti, understand
dzzulic, 2, vti, find out
falê, 1, vti, do
famêlêt, 2, vt, make, build
fagêmlê, 2, vi, work
falapê, 2, vvti, complete, finish
fabu, 1, vvti, try, attempt
enad, 2, vvt, want, want to
enibu, 2, vt, hope
unifa, 2, vti, plan
dzzumba, 1, vti, take, get
ladzzum, 1, vt, get, fetch
dzzum, 1, vt, receive, get
dzzûmba, 1, vti, give
dzzuas, 1, vt, buy
dzzûbas, 1, vt, sell
dzzula, 1, vt, put, place
dzzufe, 1, vti, insert, put in(to)
dzzugo, 1, vti, take out, extract
lomafe, 2, vti, enter
lomago, 2, vti, come out from
esa, 1, vti, leave, depart
agula, 2, vti, speak, say, talk
aguglu, 2, vti, tell, inform
agluda, 2, vt, describe
aguk, 1, vti, promise
agulda, 2, vti, explain
da, 1, vi, fall
ramas, 1, vi, swim
kora, 1, vi, float (in water)
koma, 1, vi, fly
lale, 1, vi, arrive, get to, reach
manausa, 2, vi, return, come back, go back
amaj, 1, vt, cross, go across, go over
dwadema, 1, vti, dig
hamês, 1, vti, cook
hamêko, 1, vt, burn, cause to burn
hameka, 2, vi, burn
krêp, 1, vti, hit, strike
dimas, 1, vti, drive (a vehicle)
vamas, 1, vti, ride
gezama, 2, vi, move
gezzu, 1, vi, shake
dare, 2, vti, pull
dareto, 2, vti, lift
darêf, 2, vti, push
mêta, 1, vi, sit
famêta, 2, vi, sit down
mêtas, 1, vi, lie
mêtasa, 2, vi, lie down
mat, 1, vi, stand
famat, 2, vi, stand up
sa, 1, vt, have
dzzûpra, 1, vt, seize, grab
dzzûsaf, 2, vt, hold, grasp
dzzûmbaga, 2, vti, remove, take away, take off
sama, 1, vt, carry
male, 1, vt, bring
safû, 1, vt, keep
madzzu, 1, vt, send
ba, 1, vt, throw
gatamas, 2, vt, chase
krêmê, 1, vi, settle, descend, go down
fakrêmê, 2, vt, lower (down)
gezado, 1, vi, rise, go up
mafami, 2, vi, go to bed
lafamat, 2, vi, get up (from bed)
famidor, 3, vi, sleep
masku, 1, vi, rest
famima, 2, vti, dream (in sleep)
dalafam, 2, vt, wake, wake up
lafami, 2, vi, wake up
karal, 2, vti, eat
karap, 2, vti, drink
agele, 2, vti, hear, listen
alega, 2, vti, see, look
ssork, 1, vt, smell
fassor, 1, vi, smell, emit a smell
karsso, 1, vti, taste
mêno, 1, vti, feel
mêno, 2, vt, touch
nagmic, 2, vi, hurt, feel pain
nimûbu, 2, vt, suggest
njarka, 1, vvti, decide
anog, 1, vt, let, allow
dafwa, 2, vt, prevent, hinder, stop
lefian, 2, vt, forbid
mulun, 1, vi, become, (also used for passive)
gapojad, 2, vi, be married
idosso, 2, vt, enjoy
ssimonû, 2, vt, like
lessimon, 3, vti, love
nakafûm, 1, vti, hate
gûlûne, 2, vti, be afraid of, fear
nabu, 1, vi, be disappointed
fanabu, 2, vt, disappoint
pênag, 1, vi, cry, weep
pêntos, 1, vi, smile
tomag, 1, vi, laugh
tênelopê, 3, vi, yawn
ronûs, 1, vti, sing
amuca, 2, vti, read
amucage, 3, vti, read aloud
famu, 1, vti, write
galic, 2, vt, find
zzapê, 1, vt, lose (opposite of find)
fjale, 1, vt, cover, cover up
kwale, 1, vt, show
tymên, 1, vti, guess
deradagu, 2, vti, answer
klêdagu, 1, vti, ask (a question)
ego, 1, vi, wonder, ask oneself
klego, 1, vti, doubt, question
gabula, 2, vti, explore
golêta, 2, vti, be worried about, be concerned about
dzzumni, 1, vti, learn
dzzumnirê, 2, vti, study
dzzûmni, 1, vti, teach
faûnjas, 2, vt, take apart, disassemble
skûnde, 1, vi, fall apart
falon, 1, vt, put together, assemble
gefon, 1, vi, hold together, cohere
ifa, 1, vti, add to, put together, mix, blend
damuce, 2, vt, cause
mucên, 1, vt, influence, inspire
lûmbela, 2, vi, win
nofaga, 2, vti, lose, be defeated
afên, 1, vt, use
endzzu, 1, vti, choose, select
lados, 1, vti, prepare, make ready
famêkar, 2, vt, change, replace
halja, 1, vti, kill
mulun halja, vi, die
misa, 1, vi, live
lami, 1, vi, live, dwell
mikrêman, 1, vi, grow
katal, 2, vi, last, endure
sajdi, 2, vi, wait
sajdo, 2, vi, remain, stay
fanûg, 1, vti, break
afa, 1, vt, repair, fix
gefa, 1, vvti, continue
aman, 1, vi, be named, be called
faaman, 2, vt, name, give a name to
celas, 1, vt, visit
kafagêprok, 2, vti, help, assist
lorga, 1, vti, open
kûsa, 1, vti, shut, close
lonoêm, 2, vvti, begin, start
lapakêm, 2, vvti, end, finish
lagukama, 3, vti, telephone, make a phone call
lunas, 1, vi, be sick, be ill
vafi, 1, vt, wear
ûnlêk, 1, vt, cut, slice, chop

Adjectives / Adverbs

jana, 1, a, big, large
sikili, 2, a, little, small
do, 1, a, good
na, 1, a, bad
jama, 1, a, wide
sima, 1, a, narrow
jansa, 1, a, many, much
sikilsa, 2, a, big, large
janasa, 1, a, most
sikilisa, 3, a, least
dosa, 1, a, better
nasa, 1, a, worse
krap, 1, a, wet
fûmso, 1, a, dry
dotke, 1, a, high
natke, 1, a, low
pumalê, 1, a, smooth
nûgû, 1, a, rough, scratchy
janofên, 1, a, long
sinofên, 1, a, short
kak, 1, a, hard
fris, 1, a, soft
rênk, 1, a, heavy
syf, 1, a, light (weight)
jageke, 2, a, noisy
gedorke, 1, a, quiet
gake, 1, a, male
poke, 1, a, female
doledo, 2, a, wonderful
nalena, 2, a, terrible, awful
arke, 1, a, difficult
lea, 1, a, easy
golamake, 2, a, interesting
dzzotûske, 2, a, uninteresting, dull
fûmun, 2, a, fast
mêf, 1, a, slow
donig, 1, a, intelligent, smart
nanig, 1, a, stupid
misado, 2, a, white
haljana, 1, a, black
hake, 1, a, bright
haljanake, 2, a, dark
tomike, 1, a, funny, amusing
gole, 1, a, serious
dokari, 2, a, sweet
donakar, 3, a, sour
nakarû, 2, a, bitter
misake, 2, a, alive
halja, 2, a, dead
laf, 1, a, near
laga, 2, a, far
slebo, 1, a, fat, corpulent
pile, 1, a, thin, skinny
agasê, 1, a, old
icera, 2, a, new
agami, 2, a, old (age)
icemi, 2, a, young
kace, 1, a, hot
ulo, 1, a, cold
kaci, 1, a, warm
uli, 1, a, cool
zera, 1, a, same
kar, 1, a, different
aradake, 3, a, complicated
fepûs, 1, a, simple
dolasse, 2, a, polite
nalasse, 2, a, rude, impolite
dogenig, 2, a, wise
nagenig, 2, a, foolish
gas, 1, a, real
nûsk, 1, a, imaginary
kelonêm, 2, a, early
kelapak, 3, a, late
lono, 1, a, first
lapak, 2, a, last
ludoke, 2, a, healthy
lunake, 2, a, sick, ill
leaman, 2, a, clear, distinct
fileman, 2, a, unclear, indistinct
bargoda, 2, a, careful
fibarge, 2, a, careless
jala, 1, a, long (time)
sikala, 2, a, short (time)
rika, 1, a, beautiful, pretty
narka, 1, a, ugly
frankale, 1, a, important
garpêl, 1, a, unimportant
alêgeke, 3, a, familiar
fjalêgeke, 3, a, unfamiliar
krûmba, 1, a, flat
zzusa, 1, a, deep
rêmûlke, 1, a, brave
nêmagûle, 3, a, cowardly
bolake, 1, a, clean
nadake, 1, a, dirty
dodi, 1, a, happy
pênke, 1, a, sad
menake, 2, a, angry
nabuke, 1, a, disappointed
kjaj, 1, a, sharp
mûd, 1, a, dull, blunt
kair, 2, a, wild
domo, 1, a, tame
afêke, 1, a, useful
fifeke, 2, a, useless
dogas, 1, a, effective, well
fêmfare, 2, a, hard-working, industrious
ûsûnake, 3, a, lazy
doles, 1, a, kind
hanake, 1, a, cruel
mol, 1, a, opposite
momer, 1, a, middle, central
leuma, 2, a, previous
lekira, 2, a, next
ssijanu, 2, a, favorite
kele, 1, a, special, especially
dûtûs, 1, a, ordinary
rêmfês, 1, a, strong
nêma, 1, a, weak
jansapake, 2, a, full
vazûmke, 2, a, empty
karalon, 3, a, right
ufwi, 1, a, wrong
lorgake, 1, a, open
kûsake, 1, a, closed
lemêndoke, 3, a, comfortable
lemênake, 3, a, uncomfortable
afade, 2, a, rich, wealthy
fifade, 2, a, poor
jafalûn, 2, a, expensive
sifalûn, 2, a, cheap
gêmlass, 1, a, tired
enrapke, 2, a, thirsty
enkarke, 2, a, hungry
dûl, 1, a, normal
lado, 1, a, ready

Emotions

runi, 1, n, emotion
dugûle, 2, a, shy, bashful
duma, 1, a, embarrassed
dodi, 1, a, happy
fudo, 1, a, unhappy
pênke, 1, a, sad
pêni, 1, vi, be sad
lepêni, 2, vi, be grieved
zanuke, 1, a, frustrated
nafanike, 2, a, treacherous, scheming
nagmila, 2, vi, suffer
fake, 1, a, excited
lenisaj, 1, vi, be in suspense
legolas, 2, vi, be enthusiastic, be zealous
dokanola, 3, vi, rejoice
gêmlass, 1, a, tired
enfaldo, 2, n, ambition, aspiration, idealistic will
enfaldoke, 2, a, ambitious
menake, 2, a, angry
runade, 2, a, depressed
rulace, 2, a, anxious, tense
rulacel, 3, n, anxiety, tension
dûmbe, 1, a, proud
nombe, 1, a, humble
fanoma, 2, vt, humiliate
nêzake, 1, a, shameful
nêzake, 2, a, ashamed
nêzas, 1, vti, be ashamed, be ashamed of
fidorêm, 2, vi, be discouraged
dorêmês, 2, vi, be encouraged
gûlûnûske, 2, a, afraid
gûlûne, 2, vti, be afraid of, fear
glûnûl, 2, n, fear
glûno, 1, n, surprise
glûnos, 1, vti, be surprised at
glûnoske, 2, a, surprised
golêta, 2, vti, be concerned about, be worried about
golamas, 3, vti, be interested in
fadzzotû, 2, vti, be uninterested in, be indifferent towards
bela, 1, vti, be amazed, be amazed at, be in awe over
gûlûbela, 3, vti, be amazed and frightened, be awestruck with fear
tulas, 1, vti, be sympathetic, feel sorry for
tulessi, 2, vti, be compassionate, feel compassion for
negosa, 2, vi, be curious
negose, 2, a, curious
negosal, 3, n, curiosity
onegêm, 1, n, boredom
onegêmke, 3, a, boring
rutara, 2, n, gratitude
rutare, 2, a, grateful, thankful
firutara, 3, n, ingratitude
firutare, 3, a, ungrateful, unthankful
firutaras, 3, vi, be ungrateful, be unthankful
karnofa, 2, vi, be pleased, be satisfied
ssafad, 1, vt, appreciate
idosso, 2, vt, enjoy
ssimonû, 2, vt, like
lessimon, 3, vt, love
lessim, 1, n, love
nakafûm, 1, vt, hate
nakafûl, 1, n, hate
domuni, 2, vvt, look forward to
gorême, 2, a, strict, stern
nabul, 2, n, disappointment
nabuke, 1, a, disappointed
fanabu, 2, vt, disappoint
enibu, 2, vti, hope
enibul, 3, n, hope
enuni, 2, vti, dream, aspire, hope
enunil, 3, n, dream, aspiration, hope
finebu, 2, vi, despair

Languages

Vabungula, 2, n, Vabungula
Inglyssgula, 2, n, English language
Dojcgula, 1, n, German language
Dzzungwogula, 2, n, Chinese language
Ruskigula, 2, n, Russian language
Fransegula, 2, n, French language
Espanjolgula, 3, n, Spanish language
Italjanogula, 3, n, Italian language
Hêlengula, 1, n, Greek language
Ivritgula, 2, n, Hebrew language
Nihongula, 2, n, Japanese language
Suomigula, 1, n, Finnish language
Madzzargula, 1, n, Hungarian language
Norskgula, 1, n, Norwegian language
Danskgula, 1, n, Danish language
Kûmraeggula, 2, n, Welsh language
Vjêtnamgula, 2, n, Vietnamese language
Turkgula, 2, n, Turkish language
Arabigula, 1, n, Arabic language

Various Nouns

êndwado, 2, n, country
ûnda, 1, n, part, piece
laralûn, 2, n, clock
dwado, 1, n, earth, ground, soil
murafa, 2, n, money
silar, 2, n, instant, moment
gekare, 2, n, rest, remainder
derad, 2, n, answer
kalêd, 2, n, question
aman, 1, n, name
faufwil, 3, n, mistake
jêndwa, 1, n, world
maoka, 2, n, container, vessel
pakûn, 1, n, side
natsol, 1, n, top
dotsol, 1, n, bottom
lapûnda, 2, n, end, tip, extremity
zo, 1, n, number
pe, 1, n, part of the body
ge, 1, n, sound
sufjal, 1, n, clothes, clothing
natemu, 2, n, horizon
zûmba, 1, n, hole
simula, 2, n, border
simulaka, 3, n, fence
seraka, 2, n, wood
alfreka, 2, n, glass
figaleg, 2, n, metal
hakac, 2, n, fire
hamu, 1, n, smoke
lasolam, 1, n, home
defwini, 2, n, secret
ssoral, 1, n, smell, odor
lapakêma, 3, n, end
lonoêma, 3, n, beginning
kwira, 1, n, bridge
ramakam, 1, n, boat
doskemak, 2, n, bicycle
dolkaskem, 2, n, motorcycle
skemaska, 2, n, car, automobile
komakamo, 2, n, airplane
misal, 2, n, life
haljal, 2, n, death
kûlana, 2, n, war
dors, 1, n, peace
kaema, 2, n, color
famukam, 1, n, pencil, pen
siseka, 2, n, paper
sisekûlo, 2, n, book
alsekûl, 1, n, magazine
icernisek, 2, n, newspaper
fjalegakam, 2, n, television set
fjagelekam, 2, n, radio
lagukam, 2, n, telephone
fakulokam, 2, n, refrigerator
fredzzulêka, 3, n, silverware
ûnlêkam, 2, n, knife
frekarka, 2, n, fork
dzzukarka, 2, n, spoon
ekarflam, 2, n, dishes
krûflam, 1, n, plate
flamao, 2, n, dish, bowl
frenomao, 3, n, bottle
sufrabêk, 2, n, comb
albi, 1, n, picture
falbil, 2, n, photograph
gezalbi, 2, n, movie
gezalbilam, 2, n, movie theater
legêmsêk, 2, n, tape
gelegêmfag, 3, n, tape recorder
bilegêmhodzz, 3, n, VCR tape
bilegêmfag, 3, n, VCR
sinifjagek, 3, n, earphones, headphones
afênko, 2, n, tool
agu, 1, n, story
damucka, 2, n, result
dozelêkam, 3, n,scissors

Computers

zofani, 2, vti, calculate, compute
zofanikam, 2, n, calculator
jazofanikam, 3, n, computer
jazofunifal, 5, n, computer program
jazofunifalsum, 5, n, computer programmer
citalgêm, 2, n, Internet
gêmsevak, 2, n, webpage
gêmkelam, 1, n, website
lasosevak, 3, n, home page
gêmdir, 1, n, webmaster
fjarmagusek, 2, n, email (message)
fjarmadzzusek, 2, n, email (the system)
fjarmadzzuseka, 4, vti, email

Things to Wear

alekam, 2, n, glasses
domasuf, 2, n, pants, trousers
votasuf, 2, n, shirt
rivotas, 1, n, suitcoat
risuf, 1, n, suit
movûs, 1, n, tie, necktie
posuf, 1, n, dress
mazufjal, 1, n, shoe
nimofjal, 1, n, hat
vûmazuf, 2, n, sock
kavotas, 1, n, coat
fripêmsêk, 2, n, belt
kacvosuf, 1, n, sweater

Page last modified on December 9, 2000

Vabungula is an artificial language invented by Bill Price in 1965.

Vabungula co nûsk mugola famêlêtke onudzz Bill Price larla alara idekuzorekol.